Artificial Intelligence
"Everything we love about civilization is a product of intelligence, so amplifying our human intelligence with artificial intelligence has the potential of helping civilization flourish like never before – as long as we manage to keep the technology beneficial."
Max Tedmark
Most of the people are not familiar with concept of artificial intelligence,such as when 1500 senior business leaders were asked about AI in 2017,only 17% said they were familiar with it.They understood that there were considerable potential for altering business process but didn't know how AI could be deployed in their organisations.
Artificial intelligence
John McCarthy invented the term Artificial Intelligence in 1950.He claimed:
"Every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can , in principle, be described so precisely that a machine can be made to simulate it."
Artifical intelligence is the science of designing systems that exhibit similar characteristics associated with the intelligence found in human behaviour. It is significant aspect of computer science that deals with system recognition such as learning, reasoning and understanding language and taking actions to solve problems.
How AI is used?
The emergence of artificial superintelligence will change humanity, but it's not happening soon. Here are the types of AI leading up to that new reality.
Narrow AI:
Sometimes referred as weak intelligence,this kind of AI operates within a limited context and is a simulation of human intelligence.Weak intelligence is focused on single task performing extremely well and seem intelligent machine.A few examples of narrow artificial intelligence include:
General AI is a type of intelligence which could perform any intellectual task with efficiency like human.The idea behind the general AI is to make such a system which could be smarter and think like a human by its own.Currently there is no such system exist which could come under general AI and can perform any task as perfect as a humsn.The worldwide researchers are focused on developing machines with General AI.
Super AI
Super AI is a level of Intelligence of system at which machines could surpass human intelligence,and can perform any task better than human with cognitive properties.It is an outcome of general AI.General intelligence is strong intelligence and this kind of artificial intelligence is seen in movies like robots from Westworld and Data from Star Trek:The Next Generation.
Reactive machines
This is the most basic type of artificial intelligence which have ability neither to form memories nor use past experiences to inform current decisions. Deep Blue , IBM'chess playing supercomputers are best examples of this type of machines.
Similarly, Google’s AlphaGo,which has beaten top human Go experts,cant evaluate all potential all potential future moves either Its analysis method is more sophisticated than Deep Blue's using a neutral network to evaluate game developments.
Theory of Mind
Theory of Mind AI should understand the human emotions people beliefs and be able to interact socially like humans.This type of AI machines are still not developed, but researchers are making lots of efforts for developing such AI machines.
Limited memory
Limited memory machines can store past experiences or some data for a short period of time.These machines can use stored data for limited time period only.Self driving cars are one of the best examples of limited memory system. These cars can store recent speed of nearby cars,the distance of other cars,speed limit and other information to navigate the road.
Self Awareness
Self Awareness Artificial Intelligence is the future of AI.These machines will be super intelligent and will have their own consciousness, sentiments and self awareness. These machines will be smarter than human mind.Self Awareness AI doesn't exist in reality and its hypothetical concept.
The Major branches of Artificial Intelligence
Here are the major branches of Artificial Intelligence:
Its an artificial intelligence system that learns and imitates a human being's decision making ability. Expert system doesn't use conventional system of programming but instead uses logical notation to achieve to achieve such an aim.It is used in medical field to operate and detect virus infection.It is also used in banking sector.
Robotics
This is very interesting branch of Artificial Intelligence that focuses on design and development of robots.Robotics deal with the designing,constructing and operating by incorporating both science and engineering technices.Robots are used by NASA to move heavy objects in space.Robots act as artificial intelligence agents that perform task in real world .
Machine Learning
Machine learning is a highly demanding branch of artifical intelligence. It is the science that enables machines and computer systems to process,analyze and interpret data with the aim of providing solutions for real-life challenges.
Computer system can learn and take action on their own due to the level of sufficient data provided through machine learning.The algorithm is set up in such a way that machines can predict outcomes based on past occurrences.
Neutral Network
Neutral Network is the branch of AI associated with the use of neurology to incorporate cognitive science in helping computer system and machines to execute tasks.It is also known as deep learning because it involves making use of artificial brain neurons to solve complex problems. It is in risk analysis, market research, fraud detection and stock exchange prediction.Face verification algorithms on social media sites are result of implementation of neutral network. This branch of AI is responsible for virtual assistant apps such as Siri and Alexa.
Fuzzy Logics
The term fuzzy logics refers to things which are not clear and vague.In the real world many times we encounter a situation we can't determine the state is true or false ,their fuzzy logics provide a very valuable flexibility for reasoning. In this way we can consider the inaccuracies and uncertainties of any situation.
Natural Language Processing
Communicating with someone who doesn't understand your language can be very challenging and can be said of human trying to communicate with a computer system. Obviously computer will find it difficult to interpret words because computer only understands the language of binary digits.This challenge has led to the development of Natural Language Processing in computer science.
How AI is used?
The emergence of artificial superintelligence will change humanity, but it's not happening soon. Here are the types of AI leading up to that new reality.
Narrow AI:
Sometimes referred as weak intelligence,this kind of AI operates within a limited context and is a simulation of human intelligence.Weak intelligence is focused on single task performing extremely well and seem intelligent machine.A few examples of narrow artificial intelligence include:
- Google search
- Image recognition software
- Siri,Alexa and other personal assistance
- Self driving cars
- IBM's Watson
General AI is a type of intelligence which could perform any intellectual task with efficiency like human.The idea behind the general AI is to make such a system which could be smarter and think like a human by its own.Currently there is no such system exist which could come under general AI and can perform any task as perfect as a humsn.The worldwide researchers are focused on developing machines with General AI.
Super AI
Super AI is a level of Intelligence of system at which machines could surpass human intelligence,and can perform any task better than human with cognitive properties.It is an outcome of general AI.General intelligence is strong intelligence and this kind of artificial intelligence is seen in movies like robots from Westworld and Data from Star Trek:The Next Generation.
Reactive machines
This is the most basic type of artificial intelligence which have ability neither to form memories nor use past experiences to inform current decisions. Deep Blue , IBM'chess playing supercomputers are best examples of this type of machines.
Similarly, Google’s AlphaGo,which has beaten top human Go experts,cant evaluate all potential all potential future moves either Its analysis method is more sophisticated than Deep Blue's using a neutral network to evaluate game developments.
Theory of Mind
Theory of Mind AI should understand the human emotions people beliefs and be able to interact socially like humans.This type of AI machines are still not developed, but researchers are making lots of efforts for developing such AI machines.
Limited memory
Limited memory machines can store past experiences or some data for a short period of time.These machines can use stored data for limited time period only.Self driving cars are one of the best examples of limited memory system. These cars can store recent speed of nearby cars,the distance of other cars,speed limit and other information to navigate the road.
Self Awareness
Self Awareness Artificial Intelligence is the future of AI.These machines will be super intelligent and will have their own consciousness, sentiments and self awareness. These machines will be smarter than human mind.Self Awareness AI doesn't exist in reality and its hypothetical concept.
The Major branches of Artificial Intelligence
Here are the major branches of Artificial Intelligence:
- Experts System
- Robotics
- Machine Learning
- Neutral Network
- Fuzzy Logics
- Natural Language Processing
Its an artificial intelligence system that learns and imitates a human being's decision making ability. Expert system doesn't use conventional system of programming but instead uses logical notation to achieve to achieve such an aim.It is used in medical field to operate and detect virus infection.It is also used in banking sector.
Robotics
This is very interesting branch of Artificial Intelligence that focuses on design and development of robots.Robotics deal with the designing,constructing and operating by incorporating both science and engineering technices.Robots are used by NASA to move heavy objects in space.Robots act as artificial intelligence agents that perform task in real world .
Machine Learning
Machine learning is a highly demanding branch of artifical intelligence. It is the science that enables machines and computer systems to process,analyze and interpret data with the aim of providing solutions for real-life challenges.
Computer system can learn and take action on their own due to the level of sufficient data provided through machine learning.The algorithm is set up in such a way that machines can predict outcomes based on past occurrences.
Neutral Network
Neutral Network is the branch of AI associated with the use of neurology to incorporate cognitive science in helping computer system and machines to execute tasks.It is also known as deep learning because it involves making use of artificial brain neurons to solve complex problems. It is in risk analysis, market research, fraud detection and stock exchange prediction.Face verification algorithms on social media sites are result of implementation of neutral network. This branch of AI is responsible for virtual assistant apps such as Siri and Alexa.
Fuzzy Logics
The term fuzzy logics refers to things which are not clear and vague.In the real world many times we encounter a situation we can't determine the state is true or false ,their fuzzy logics provide a very valuable flexibility for reasoning. In this way we can consider the inaccuracies and uncertainties of any situation.
Natural Language Processing
Communicating with someone who doesn't understand your language can be very challenging and can be said of human trying to communicate with a computer system. Obviously computer will find it difficult to interpret words because computer only understands the language of binary digits.This challenge has led to the development of Natural Language Processing in computer science.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence
- Banking fraud detection
- Online customer service
- Cyber security
- Virtual assistant
The Future of Artificial Intelligence
- Automated transportation will become more common as early as 2020.
- Humans will be able to augment themselves with robots.Robots could bring a cup of tea,prepare reports,control home appliances and handle other tasks.
- There will be more smart vehicles,phones and appliances that will be run by AI.
- Home robots will help older people with their day-to-day work.Task like contacting doctors in case of emergency can now be done with AI.
- Robots will take over hazardous jobs like bomb defusing,welding etc
DeepMind Technologies a British artificial intelligence company,was acquired by Google in 2014.The company created a Neural Turing Machine, allowing computers to mimic the short-term memory of human brain.
Google’s driverless cars and Tesla'autopilot
features are the introduction of AI in automotive sector. CEO OF Tesla Motors has suggested that Teslas will have the ability to predict the destination that their owners want to go.
Furthermore,Watson, a question answering computer system developed by IBM is designed for use in medical field.AI has completely revolutionised our home and work routines.On line customer supports,voice messaging,voice recognition and anomalies detection are living examples of its enormous use.
There is much debate like appropriately programmed computer would be a mind, or would merely simulate one, but AI researchers need not wait for the conclusion to that debate, nor for the hypothetical computer that could model all of human intelligence. Aspects of intelligent behaviour, such as solving problems, making inferences, learning, and understanding language, have already been coded as computer programs, and within very limited domains, such as identifying diseases of soybean plants, AI programs can outperform human experts. Now the great challenge of AI is to find ways of representing the commonsense knowledge and experience that enable people to carry out everyday activities such as holding a wide-ranging conversation, or finding their way along a busy street.
AI Impact on Society
During a lecture at Northwestern University,AI guru Kai Fu Lee warned that The bottom 90% percent especially the bottom 50% of the eotld in terms of income and education will be badly hurt with job displacement.In the matter of 5,10 or 15 years ,they will be displaced by AI.
In the warehouses of online giant and AI powerhouse Amazon which buzz with more than 100,000 robots , picking and packing functions are still performed by humans but that will change in future.
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